ABSTRACT
Four deutonymphs of bulb mites (hypopus) from Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) (Acari: Acaridae) were found attached to the head of Atta sexdens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This mite species is commonly associated with ornamental plants and trees with bulbs, corms and tubers. The results of this study provided an insight into the phoretic relationship between mites and ants, indicating the role of the latter in the dispersion of the first. Despite the abundant and diverse mite fauna existing in ants, little is known about their diversity, biology, ecology and the nature of their associations.(AU)
Quatro deutoninfas de ácaros do bulbo (hipopus) da espécie Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) (Acari: Acaridae) foram encontradas fixadas na cabeça de formigas da espécie Atta sexdens no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Essa espécie de ácaro está comumente associada a plantas ornamentais e plantas com bulbos e tubérculos. Os resultados desse estudo fornecem uma visão sobre a relação forética entre ácaros e formigas, indicando o papel destas últimas na dispersão dos primeiros. Apesar da abundância e da fauna diversa do ácaro em formigas, pouco se sabe sobre a diversidade, a biologia, a ecologia e a natureza dessa associação.(AU)
Subject(s)
Ants , Medulla Oblongata , Mites , Arthropods , Agricultural Pests , Acaridae , Plant Tubers , InsectaABSTRACT
Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus collected from Brazil and Cuba was tested to a chemical characterization and then was tested on the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica. The chemical composition analysis by GC-MS of the oils from Brazil/Cuba allowed the identification of 13 and 12 major constituents respectively; nine of them common to both. In the both oils, the main components were the isomers geranial and neral, which together form the compound citral. This corresponds to a total of 97.92%/Brazil and 97.69%/Cuba of the compounds identified. The monoterpene myrcene, observed only in the sample of Cuba, presented a large relative abundance (6.52%). The essential oil of C. citratus (Brazil/Cuba) was dissolved in DMSO and tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and citral was prepared by mixing 16.8 mg with 960 µL DMSO. Both essential oils and monoterpene citral were applied topically to newly-hatched larvae (1µL/larva). The results showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.25 and 3.24% for the Brazilian and Cuban essential oils, respectively. Mortalities of larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult periods were dose-dependent for the two both oils as for monoterpene citral, reaching 90%. Both essential oils and citral caused morphological changes in adult specimens.
O óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus, coletado no Brasil e em Cuba, foi caracterizado quimicamente e testado no desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Musca domestica. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identificação de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os óleos, os principais componentes foram os isômeros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abundância relativa (6,52%). O óleo de C. citratus (Brasil/Cuba) foi dissolvido em DMSO, obtendo–se as concentrações de 5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%; e o citral (16,8 mg) foi misturando com 960mL de DMSO. Tanto o óleo essencial como o monoterpeno citral foram aplicados topicamente nas neolarvas (1µL/larva). Os resultados mostraram uma concentração letal (CL50) de 4,25% e 3,24% para o óleo essencial brasileiro e cubano, respectivamente. As mortalidades do período larval e o de neo-larva a adulto foram dose-dependentes, tanto para os óleos como para o monoterpeno citral, podendo chegar a 90%. Ambos os óleos essenciais e citral causaram alterações morfológicas nos espécimes adultos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Cymbopogon , Houseflies/drug effects , Insecticides , Brazil , CubaABSTRACT
Water mites are common and widespread parasites of some aquatic insects in freshwater habitats. This is the first record of acari Arrenurus Dugès, 1834, as a parasite of Odonata in Brazil. Water mites were sampled from Miathyria marcella (Selys, 1857) and Ischnura fluviatilis (Selys, 1876).
Ácaros aquáticos são parasitas comuns de alguns insetos aquáticos em habitats de água doce. Este é o primeiro registro do ácaro Arrenurus Dugès, 1834, como parasita de Odonata no Brasil. Ácaros aquáticos foram coletados em Miathyria marcella (Selys, 1857) e Ischnura fluviatilis (Selys, 1876).
ABSTRACT
A Pediculose é uma doença de importância para a saúde pública. Acredita-se que medidas educacionais colaborem para o sucesso do tratamento e da prevenção desta patologia. Este trabalho, realizado em escolas do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil, apresenta o discurso de professores de ensino fundamental sobre a forma como a Pediculose é transmitida. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas e analisadas pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Revelaram-se quatorze categorias. Algumas apresentavam formas corretas de transmissão: através de contato físico e corporal do tipo "cabeça com cabeça", com pessoas que têm Pediculose. Porém, outras revelaram o seu desconhecimento: o piolho voa, o piolho pula de uma cabeça para outra, através das lêndeas. Estes resultados demonstram a existência de professores que desconhecem a forma como a patologia é transmitida. Isto diminui a possibilidade que estes profissionais têm para colaborarem efetivamente na prevenção desta patologia nas escolas, assim como para a promoção da saúde de seus alunos.
Pediculosis is a public health pathology. Educational methods would certainly colaborate to the success of the treatment and prevention of this pathology. This study, developed in Rio de Janeiro's schools (RJ), Brazil, demonstrates the primary teachers' discourse on how pediculosis is transmitted. The pieces of information were obtained from interviews and analized by the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. Fourteen categories were revealed. Some correct ways of transmission were presented, for example: through physical and corporal contact, like "head to head", with people who have pediculosis. On the other hand, some of these categories revealed lack of knowledge about the subject: the lice fly; the lice jump from one's head to anothers'; through the nits. These results demonstrated that there are teachers that don't know about the transmission of this pathology. For this reason, the possibility that these teachers have to collaborate effectively to its prevention in schools diminishes; the same occurs with the health promotion of their students.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Faculty , Health Education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/transmission , School Health Services , Schools , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
The life cycle and reproductive patterns of Triatoma rubrofasciata were studied along laboratory conditions for the establishment of a prolific colony. The insects were divided into four groups: two of them were maintened at room temperature (20.5ºC to 33ºC and 85 per cent ñ 5 per cent of relative humidity), the other two in a climatic chamber (CC) (temperature: 29ºC, humidity: 80 per cent ñ 5 per cent). The groups were fed weekly or fortnighly on Swiss mice. The females from the group kept in the CC and fed weekly had longer life span, as well as a higher number of eggs, fertile eggs and hatching; the group kept in the CC and fed fortnighly had a shorter life span of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars and a lower mortality rate for all instars. It was concluded that a constant high temperature (CC at 29ºC) is the most suitable condition for the maintenance of a colony of T. rubrofasciata regardless of the interval between repasts.